A new framework for drug-disease association prediction combing light-gated message passing neural network and gated fusion mechanism.

With the development of research on the complex aetiology of many diseases, computational drug repositioning methodology has proven to be a shortcut to costly and inefficient traditional methods. Therefore, developing more promising computational methods is indispensable for finding new candidate diseases to treat with existing drugs. In this paper, a model integrating a new variant of message passing neural network and a novel-gated fusion mechanism called GLGMPNN is proposed for drug-disease association prediction. First, a light-gated message passing neural network (LGMPNN), including message passing, aggregation and updating, is proposed to separately extract multiple pieces of information from the similarity networks and the association network. Then, a gated fusion mechanism consisting of a forget gate and an output gate is applied to integrate the multiple pieces of information to extent. The forget gate calculated by the multiple embeddings is built to integrate the association information into the similarity information. Furthermore, the final node representations are controlled by the output gate, which fuses the topology information of the networks and the initial similarity information. Finally, a bilinear decoder is adopted to reconstruct an adjacency matrix for drug-disease associations. Evaluated by 10-fold cross-validations, GLGMPNN achieves excellent performance compared with the current models. The following studies show that our model can effectively discover novel drug-disease associations.

The Interaction of REM Fragmentation and Night-Time Arousal Modulates Sleep-Dependent Emotional Memory Consolidation.

The sleep-to-forget, sleep-to-remember (SFSR) hypothesis states that the neurobiological environment provided by rapid-eye movement (REM)-rich sleep decouples the content of an emotional memory from its attendant emotional arousal. This decoupling allows divergent attenuation and enhancement effects (i.e., erosion of the memory's emotional tone and simultaneous strengthening of its content). However, support for this proposal is mixed. An alternative account suggests there might be convergent attenuation and enhancement (i.e., elevated emotional arousal is positively coupled with enhanced emotional memory). We tested predictions emerging from the SFSR hypothesis using (a) individuals diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD; n = 21), (b) trauma-exposed non-PTSD individuals (n = 19), and (c) healthy controls (n = 20). We included PTSD-diagnosed individuals because they typically experience altered REM sleep, impaired emotional memory, and heightened emotional arousal in response to threatening stimuli. Participants were assessed before and after both an 8-h period of polysomnographically monitored sleep and an 8-h period of waking activity. The assessment included exposure to negatively valenced, positively valenced, and neutral pictures before the 8-h delay, and a recognition task afterward. We measured emotional arousal by recording psychophysiological responses to the pictures, both pre- and post-delay. Results indicated no significant between-group differences in emotional memory accuracy or arousal. However, after a sleep-filled delay, pictures of all categories were recognized with equal accuracy, whereas after a wake-filled delay, negative pictures were recognized preferentially. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated that a sleep-filled delay was associated with attenuated emotional arousal to pictures of all categories, whereas a wake-filled delay was associated with a rise in emotional arousal across the day. Intriguingly, poorer recognition accuracy for valenced (but not neutral) pictures was predicted by an interaction of increased REM fragmentation and increased emotional arousal. In summary, we found some support for the SFSR hypothesis in the way it describes the REM- and arousal-based mechanisms that process emotional material. We also, however, found disconfirming evidence regarding the outcome of that process (i.e., sleep did not favor consolidation of emotional over neutral memory), and we demonstrated a convergence between attenuation of emotional arousal and weakening of emotional content relative to neutral content.

Microsatellite markers for the New Zealand endemic Myosotis pygmaea species group (Boraginaceae) amplify across species.

PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Microsatellite loci were developed as polymorphic markers for the New Zealand endemic Myosotis pygmaea species group (Boraginaceae) for use in species delimitation and population and conservation genetic studies. METHODS AND RESULTS: Illumina MiSeq sequencing was performed on genomic DNA from seedlings of M. drucei. From trimmed paired-end sequences >400 bp, 484 microsatellite loci were identified. Twelve of 48 microsatellite loci tested were found to be polymorphic and consistently scorable when screened on 53 individuals from four populations representing the geographic range of M. drucei. They also amplify in all other species in the M. pygmaea species group, i.e., M. antarctica, M. brevis, M. glauca, and M. pygmaea, as well as 18 other Myosotis species. CONCLUSIONS: These 12 polymorphic microsatellite markers establish an important resource for research and conservation of the M. pygmaea species group and potentially other Southern Hemisphere Myosotis.

Amor, luto e psicanálise / Love, mourning and psychoanalysis

Neste ensaio, desenvolvo algumas conjecturas sobre os muito estudados talentos de Eros para vincular objetos, emoções e ideias, assim como sobre a operação do amor no setting da psicanálise. A meu ver, uma das principais tarefas do psicanalista, por meio da própria oscilação constante entre “paciência” e ”segurança” (entre as posições esquizoparanoides e depressivas, em Bion), resulta na mútua elaboração das sucessivas perdas que todos os indivíduos diariamente sofrem. Entendo, dessa forma, o fardo do amor [contra(trans)ferencial] em psicanálise como propiciando um continente adequado para a vivência de lutos compartilhados, assim como pela sua qualidade de não apenas criar, como ainda cortar laços.(AU)

In the present essay the author develops her conjectures about the extensively explored powers of Eros to engender links among objects, emotions, ideas and the effectiveness of love in the psychoanalytic setting. The author understands that one of the main tasks of the psychoanalyst lies in working-through his own unceasing alternation between “patience” and “security” (Bion) so as to realize, with the patient, the succession of losses every human being encounters in daily life. In this way, one of burdens of [counter(trans)ferencial] love in psychoanalysis is to serve as a container for an experience of shared mourning by its ability to link and, as importantly, to sever links.(AU)

Amor, luto e psicanálise / Love, mourning and psychoanalysis

Neste ensaio, desenvolvo algumas conjecturas sobre os muito estudados talentos de Eros para vincular objetos, emoções e ideias, assim como sobre a operação do amor no setting da psicanálise. A meu ver, uma das principais tarefas do psicanalista, por meio da própria oscilação constante entre “paciência” e ”segurança” (entre as posições esquizoparanoides e depressivas, em Bion), resulta na mútua elaboração das sucessivas perdas que todos os indivíduos diariamente sofrem. Entendo, dessa forma, o fardo do amor [contra(trans)ferencial] em psicanálise como propiciando um continente adequado para a vivência de lutos compartilhados, assim como pela sua qualidade de não apenas criar, como ainda cortar laços.

In the present essay the author develops her conjectures about the extensively explored powers of Eros to engender links among objects, emotions, ideas and the effectiveness of love in the psychoanalytic setting. The author understands that one of the main tasks of the psychoanalyst lies in working-through his own unceasing alternation between “patience” and “security” (Bion) so as to realize, with the patient, the succession of losses every human being encounters in daily life. In this way, one of burdens of [counter(trans)ferencial] love in psychoanalysis is to serve as a container for an experience of shared mourning by its ability to link and, as importantly, to sever links.

Justificaciones y sentimientos morales de jóvenes universitarios y jóvenes desplazados acerca de las acciones justas e injustas / Moral justifications and sentiments over fair and unfair actions in a group of Colombian college students and young internal refugees

En este artículo se estudian las justificaciones y los sentimientos morales acerca de la justicia en acciones valoradas por jóvenes universitarios y jóvenes desplazados como justas e injustas. Entre las fuentes de recolección de información se utilizaron la entrevista no estructurada, la entrevista semi-estructurada y la biografía narrativa, con el objeto de conocer los razonamientos, la sensibilidad moral y los juicios que los llevaban a valorar las acciones como justas e injustas. Se utilizó un diseño de caso múltiple, el cual permitió establecer una interacción permanente entre los datos, el contexto cultural con el marco teórico, así como entender a los jóvenes como sujetos discursivos y portadores de unas narraciones a partir de las cuales expresan sus conocimientos, ideologías y creencias. Para el análisis se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido, la cual permitió interpretar la complejidad del concepto de justicia y de las acciones valoradas por los jóvenes como justas e injustas. Los resultados mostraron que ambos grupos de jóvenes comparten la idea de justicia en acciones justas como la educación y consideran a los maestros como personas justas. Entre las diferencias se encontró que los jóvenes estudiantes consideran que la política pública de "perdón y olvido" les causa conflicto moral, porque no es posible perdonar las acciones injustas relacionadas con los crímenes de lesa humanidad. Por su parte, los jóvenes desplazados reclamaron una justicia anamnética de las acciones injustas para que las injusticias y las atrocidades de las masacres y las mutilaciones no queden archivadas y olvidadas. Se concluyó que los jóvenes, cuando justifican y expresan sus sentimientos en asuntos de justicia, presentan sus creencias, valores y principios. No obstante, también se encontró que ante situaciones de extrema vulneración de derechos, la justicia no es solamente un asunto relacionado con otorgar validez a las normas y a las reglas; ...

This paper studies moral justifications and sentiments on actions assessed as fair or unfair by a group of Colombian college students and young internal refugees. A two-group multiple case study design was used. The subjects were 15 college students and 15 young internal refugees. The instruments used to elicit these groups’ moral judgments and sentiments were non structured interviews, in depth interviews and narrative autobiographies. Content analysis was used to interpret the complexity of these groups’ reflections on justice. Results showed that the two groups agree on considering education as a fair action and teachers as fair persons. Some differences were also found. College students consider that the policy of "forgiveness and forgetfulness", currently proposed and implemented in the country, poses a moral problem because it is not possible to forgive and forget unfair actions related to crimes against mankind. The group of young internal refugees demanded anamnetic justice to ensure that unfair actions such as massacres and mutilations be not forgotten. The study concluded that both groups argue over problems related to justice from justifications and sentiments that express their beliefs, values and moral principles. It was also found that, when faced with situations of extreme violation of basic rights, both groups consider that justice is not only a matter of rules and norms; justice implies making oneself responsible for those who have been forced to extreme poverty because of fear of death.